Types of Diabetes

PEDIATRIC SCREENING FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES

• BMI ≥ 85% for age and gender

Plus any of the following:

• Family history of Type 2 diabetes in first- or second-degree relative
• Higher risk ethnic group (Native American, African American, Latino, Asian American, Pacific Islander)
• Signs of insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome (acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome or small-for-gestational-age birth weight)
• Maternal history of diabetes or gestational diabetes during child’s gestation

Screen every 3 years

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ADULT SCREENING FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES

• BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² or ≥ 23 kg/m² in Asian Americans

Plus any of the following:

• Physical inactivity
• First-degree relative with diabetes
• Higher risk ethnic group (African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander)
• Hypertension ≥ 130/80 mmHg or on therapy for hypertension
• HDL < 35 mg/dL and/or triglycerides > 250 mg/dL
• Women with polycystic ovary syndrome
• Signs of insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome (severe obesity, acanthosis nigricans)
• History of cardiovascular disease

Screen at least every 3 years if testing is normal. Screen annually if meets prediabetes criteria. Screen at least every 3 years and lifelong for women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes. Without any of the above criteria, testing should begin at 35 years of age. HIV positivity is also a criteria for testing.

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DIABETES MELLITUS DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

Diabetes

• A1c ≥ 6.5%*
• Fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL*
• 2-hour blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL with an oral glucose tolerance using 75 g glucose*
• Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia with a random blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL
  *Without hyperglycemic symptoms, results should be confirmed with repeat testing

Prediabetes

• A1c ≥ 5.7-6.4%
• Fasting blood glucose ≥ 100-125 mg/dL
• 2-hour blood glucose ≥ 140-199 mg/dL with an oral glucose tolerance using 75 g glucose

For screening recommendations and diagnosis of diabetes occurring during pregnancy, please refer to Gestational Diabetes under Types of Diabetes.

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